What Is Tempera Paint? A Secrets Guide for Beginners and Kids

Have you ever wondered what artists used before acrylics and oils became popular? For centuries, one of the most important types of paint was tempera. This fascinating and vibrant medium is responsible for some of the most iconic artworks in history. If you’re curious to learn “what is tempera paint,” you’ve come to the right place! We’ll explore its history, what makes it unique, and even how you can make your own.

Key Points:

• What it is: Tempera paint is a long-lasting, fast-drying paint made of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, traditionally egg yolk.
• Historical Significance: It was the primary medium for painters during the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance, used for everything from small panel paintings to large altarpieces.
• Characteristics: Known for its matte finish and vibrant colors, tempera paint is not waterproof once dry.
• Modern Uses: Today, it’s a popular choice for craft projects and for teaching art to children because it is generally non-toxic and easy to clean up.

A Journey Back in Time: The Enduring Legacy of Tempera

Tempera paint has a rich history that dates back to ancient civilizations. It was found on early Egyptian sarcophagi and many of the Fayum mummy portraits. However, it was during the medieval period and the Early Renaissance that tempera painting truly flourished in Europe. Artists like Giotto, Fra Angelico, and Sandro Botticelli used tempera to create their masterpieces. Until the advent of oil paint around 1500, tempera was the go-to medium for almost every painter.

One of the most famous tempera paintings is Botticelli’s “The Birth of Venus.” The delicate details and luminous quality of this iconic work are a testament to the beauty of tempera. Even Michelangelo, who is renowned for his frescoes and sculptures, created some of his panel paintings using egg tempera.

Tempera vs. Acrylic: What’s the Difference?

In the modern art world, we are more familiar with acrylic paints. So, how does tempera compare? While both are water-based, their properties are quite different.

For young artists and classroom projects, tempera is often the preferred choice. It’s affordable, non-toxic, and washes out of clothes easily. Acrylics, being more permanent, are better suited for older students and professional artists creating lasting works on canvas or other surfaces. If you’re just starting your artistic journey, exploring different painting techniques for beginners can be a great way to find what you enjoy most.

“The purest and most thoughtful minds are those which love colour the most.”
John Ruskin

The Science Behind the Art: How is Tempera Paint Made?

One of the most fascinating aspects of tempera is its simple, natural composition. The traditional method involves mixing powdered pigments with egg yolk. The yolk acts as a binder, holding the pigment particles together and allowing them to adhere to a surface.

Making your own egg tempera is a fun and educational activity. Here’s a simple recipe:

1. Gather Your Materials: You’ll need an egg, water, and dry pigments (you can find these at art supply stores or even use ground-up colored chalk for a fun experiment).
2. Separate the Egg: Carefully crack an egg and separate the yolk from the white. You only need the yolk for this recipe.
3. Prepare the Yolk: Gently roll the yolk on a paper towel to dry it, then pierce the yolk sac and squeeze the contents into a small container.
4. Mix the Paint: Add a small amount of water to the yolk and mix well. Then, gradually add your powdered pigment until you reach the desired color and consistency.

Now you have your very own handmade tempera paint! You can learn more about the importance of different art mediums in our complete guide to art mediums.

Famous Artists and Their Tempera Masterpieces

Many of the great masters of the Renaissance created their most enduring works using tempera. The brilliance and longevity of these paintings are a testament to the quality of this ancient medium.

• Duccio di Buoninsegna (c. 1255-1318): A leading painter from Siena, his “Maestà” altarpiece is a magnificent example of tempera painting on a grand scale.
• Giotto (c. 1267-1337): Often considered the father of the Italian Renaissance, Giotto’s “Ognissanti Madonna” showcases the emotional depth he could achieve with tempera.
• Fra Angelico (c. 1395-1455): This early Italian Renaissance painter used tempera to create ethereal and spiritual works like “The Annunciation.”
• Sandro Botticelli (c. 1445-1510): As mentioned earlier, “The Birth of Venus” and “Primavera” are two of the most famous tempera paintings in the world, celebrated for their beauty and complexity. You can explore more about famous artists and their styles on our blog.

In the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in tempera painting. Artists like Andrew Wyeth and Thomas Hart Benton in the United States used egg tempera to create their evocative and realistic works.

A Modern Take on a Classic Medium

While tempera is no longer the dominant medium in the art world, it continues to be valued for its unique properties. Contemporary artists use tempera for its brilliant colors and velvety matte finish. Its fast-drying nature also allows for precise and detailed work.

For those interested in the history of art, understanding tempera is essential. It provides a window into the techniques and materials of the past. If you’d like to learn more about how to identify different art movements, be sure to check out our guide on how to identify different art movements.

Whether you’re a budding artist, a history enthusiast, or simply curious about the world of art, tempera paint offers a fascinating subject to explore. Its rich history and enduring appeal remind us that sometimes the oldest methods are the most beautiful. For more on the fundamentals of art, our article on the 7 principles of painting for beginners is a great place to start. And if you’re interested in the financial side of art, discover what makes paintings valuable.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is tempera paint toxic?

Most commercially available tempera paints for children are non-toxic and have the Art and Creative Materials Institute’s AP (Approved Product) seal, which certifies them as safe. However, traditional tempera made with powdered pigments can be toxic depending on the pigment used (e.g., lead white). Always check the labels and supervise children during use.

Is tempera paint the same as poster paint?

Tempera and poster paint are very similar and the terms are often used interchangeably. Both are water-based, non-toxic, and have a matte finish. They are excellent for children’s art projects.

Can you use tempera paint on canvas?

Yes, you can use tempera paint on canvas, but it’s not the ideal surface. Tempera works best on rigid, absorbent surfaces like wooden panels or heavy paper. On flexible surfaces like canvas, it can crack over time.

How do you seal tempera paint?

Since tempera paint is not waterproof, it can be sealed with a varnish. It’s important to choose a varnish that is compatible with tempera to avoid smudging or altering the colors. Applying a spray varnish in thin, even coats is often the best method.

Resources

1. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (2023, October 20). How to Make Tempera Paint at Home. Retrieved from https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/metkids-create-tempera-paint
2. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Tempera. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempera
3. Five Star Painting. (2017, April 1). Safe Craft Paints for Kids to Use. Retrieved from https://www.fivestarpainting.com/blog/2017/april/safe-craft-paints-for-kids-to-use/
4. Party in the Art Room. (2023, July 3). What’s the Difference Between Tempera and Acrylic Paint? Retrieved from https://www.partyintheartroom.com/blog/difference-between-tempera-paint-versus-acrylic-paint
5. Instructables. (n.d.). Egg Tempera Paint – a Guide. Retrieved from https://www.instructables.com/Egg-Tempera-Paint-a-Guide/
6. Nature of Art. (2015, November 4). Kids Paints | Acrylic or Tempera | What is better or difference. Retrieved from https://www.ecokidsart.com/kids-paints-acrylic-or-tempera-what-is-better-or-difference/